Babban karfen carbon yana nufin carbon karfe tare da w (C) sama da 0.6%, wanda yana da mafi girman hali don taurare fiye da matsakaici-carbon karfe, kuma yana samar da martensite mai girma-carbon, wanda ya fi dacewa da samuwar fashewar sanyi.A lokaci guda kuma, tsarin martensite da aka kafa a cikin yankin da ke fama da zafi na walda yana da wuya kuma yana raguwa, wanda ke haifar da raguwa mai yawa a cikin filastik da ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa.Saboda haka, weldability na high-carbon karfe ne quite matalauta, da kuma wani musamman walda tsari dole ne a soma don tabbatar da aikin na hadin gwiwa..Don haka, ba kasafai ake amfani da shi a cikin welded tsarin.Babban karfen carbon ana amfani dashi ne don sassan injin da ke buƙatar tsayin daka da juriya, irin su shafts, manyan gears da couplings.Domin adana karfe da sauƙaƙe fasahar sarrafawa, waɗannan sassan injin galibi ana haɗa su tare da tsarin walda.Welding na high carbon karfe aka kuma ci karo a nauyi na'ura gini.A lokacin da ake tsara tsarin walda na babban carbon karfe walda, kowane nau'in lahani na walda da zai iya faruwa ya kamata a yi nazari sosai, kuma yakamata a ɗauki matakan aiwatar da walda daidai.
1. Weldability na high carbon karfe
1.1 Hanyar walda
High carbon karfe ne yafi amfani a cikin Tsarin da high tauri da kuma high lalacewa juriya, don haka babban waldi hanyoyin su ne lantarki baka waldi, brazing da submerged baka waldi.
1.2 Kayan walda
Welding na babban carbon karfe gabaɗaya baya buƙatar ƙarfin iri ɗaya tsakanin haɗin gwiwa da karfen tushe.Low-hydrogen lantarki da karfi desulfurization ikon, low diffusible hydrogen abun ciki na ajiya ajiya karfe, da kuma mai kyau taurin gaba daya zaba ga electrode baka waldi.Lokacin da ake buƙatar ƙarfin ƙarfe na walda da ƙarfe mai tushe, dole ne a zaɓi ƙaramin lantarki mai ƙarancin hydrogen na matakin da ya dace;lokacin da ba a buƙatar ƙarfin ƙarfe na walda da ƙarfe mai tushe ba, dole ne a zaɓi ƙaramin lantarki mai ƙarancin hydrogen tare da matakin ƙarfin ƙasa fiye da na ƙarfe na tushe.Ba za a iya zaɓar na'urar lantarki mai ƙarfi mafi girma fiye da ƙarfe na tushe ba.Idan ba a yarda da ƙarfe na tushe ya zama preheated a lokacin walda ba, don hana sanyi a cikin yankin da zafin jiki ya shafa, austenitic bakin karfe na lantarki za a iya amfani da shi don samun tsarin austenite tare da kyakkyawan filastik da ƙarfin juriya.
1.3 Tsagi shiri
Domin iyakance yawan juzu'i na carbon a cikin walda karfe, yakamata a rage rabon fusion, don haka ana amfani da ramukan U-dimbin yawa ko V-dimbin yawa yayin waldawa, kuma yakamata a kula da tsaftace tsagi da tabon mai kuma Tsatsa a cikin 20mm a bangarorin biyu na tsagi.
1.4 Preheating
Lokacin waldawa da na'urorin ƙarfe na tsari, dole ne a fara zafi kafin waldawa, kuma zafin zafin jiki ya kamata a sarrafa shi a 250 ° C zuwa 350 ° C.
1.5 Gudanar da Interlayer
Don walda mai yawa-Layer Multi-pass, izinin farko yana amfani da ƙananan na'urori masu tsayi da ƙananan walda na yanzu.Kullum, da workpiece ne sanya a Semi-a tsaye waldi ko waldi sanda da ake amfani da su lilo a kaikaice, sabõda haka, da dukan zafi-shafi yankin na tushe karfe ne mai tsanani a cikin wani gajeren lokaci don samun preheating da zafi adana effects.
1.6 Maganin zafi bayan walda
Nan da nan bayan waldawa, an saka kayan aikin a cikin tanderun dumama, kuma ana aiwatar da adanar zafi a 650 ° C don kawar da damuwa.
2. Welding lahani na high carbon karfe da m matakan
Saboda tsananin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfe na ƙarfe mai ƙarfi, fashewar zafi da fashewar sanyi suna da saurin faruwa yayin walda.
2.1 Matakan kariya don tsagewar zafi
1) Sarrafa nau'in sinadarai na weld, sarrafa abubuwan da ke cikin sulfur da phosphorus sosai, da haɓaka abun ciki na manganese daidai don haɓaka tsarin walda da rage rarrabuwa.
2) Sarrafa siffar giciye na walda, kuma girman nisa-zurfin ya kamata ya zama dan kadan mafi girma don kauce wa rabuwa a tsakiyar walda.
3) Domin welding tare da high rigidity, dace waldi sigogi, dace waldi jerin da shugabanci ya kamata a zaba.
4) Idan ya cancanta, ɗauki preheating da jinkirin matakan sanyaya don hana faruwar fashewar thermal.
5) Ƙara alkalinity na lantarki ko juzu'i don rage ƙazanta abun ciki a cikin walda da inganta matakin rarrabuwa.
2.2 Matakan rigakafi don faɗuwar sanyi.
1) Preheating kafin walda da jinkirin sanyaya bayan walda ba zai iya kawai rage taurin da brittleness na zafi da ya shafi yankin, amma kuma hanzarta fitar da waje na hydrogen a cikin weld.
2) Zaɓi matakan walda da suka dace.
3) Ɗauki matakan da suka dace da haɗuwa da walda don rage damuwa na haɗin gwiwar welded da inganta yanayin damuwa na walda.
3 .Kammalawa
Saboda da babban carbon abun ciki, high hardenability da matalauta weldability na high carbon karfe, yana da sauki don samar da high carbon martensitic tsarin a lokacin waldi, kuma yana da sauki don samar da walda fasa.Saboda haka, lokacin walda high carbon karfe, da waldi tsari ya kamata a hankali zaba.Kuma a dauki matakan da suka dace a cikin lokaci don rage faruwar fashewar walda da inganta aikin haɗin gwiwar welded.
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-18-2023